1. Introduction, Overview of basic digital building blocks; truth tables; basic structure of a digital computer, 

2. Number representation, Integer -unsigned, signed (sign magnitude, 1?s complement, 2?s complement, r?s complement); Characters-ASCII coding, other coding schemes; Real numbers-fixed and floating point, IEEE754, 

3. Assembly language programming for some processor, 


4. Basic building blocks for the ALU, Adder, Subtractor, Shifter, Multiplication and division circuits, 

5. CPU Subblock, Datapath - ALU, registers, CPU buses; Control path microprogramming (only the idea), hardwired, logic; External interface, 

6. Memory Subblock, Memory organization; Technology-ROM, RAM, EPROM, Flash etc. Cache; Cache coherence protocol for uniprocessor (simple), 

7. I/ O Subblock, I/ O techniques -interrupts, polling, DMA; Synchronous vs. Asynchronous I/O; Controllers, 

8. Peripherals, Disk drives; Printers- impact, dot matrix, inkjet, laser; Plotters; Keyboards; Monitors; 


9. Advanced Concepts, Pipelining; Introduction to Advanced Processors.